Basketball

Basketball is the most popular sports in America. In Indonesia basketball under the control PERBASI  also has been a craze for the community, especially for teenager. The sport was invented by Dr. James Naismith. Official game of basketball was first contested on January 20, 1892. Some basketball competition held every year, which are the British Basketball League ( BBL ) in the UK, the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in the United States, and the National Basketball League ( NBL ) in Indonesia .

Basketball is a big ball game played by two teams, each team consists of five players both boys and girls which is played on a field that is on a rectangular field which aims to include as many balls into the opponent Ring .

Playing time is 4 x 10 minutes as International Basketball Federation rules. While the version of the National Basketball Association playing time is 4 x 12 minutes. Consisting of 4 round with a time of rest for 10 minutes. Referee 1 called referee while the second referee called Umpire.

Basketball court

   Playground consists of a flat floor , hard and free of obstacles. Field size rectangular with details :

- Field length = 28 meters

- Width field = 15 meters

- Pitch circle diameter = 3.6 meter

- High- Ring = 2.75 meters

- Diameter Ring = 0,45 meters

Basic  Techniques Basketball

1. Dribbling

      Dribbling is a technique to bring the ball to prevent an opponent in order to score points .

Steps that can be done to make dribbling :

    - Stepped both feet slightly bent

    - Body leaning slightly forward

    - Push the ball to the floor with the palm of hand either right hand or left

     There are two types of techniques dribbling in basketball , namely :

a. High dribble

     Done to dribble quickly entered the opponent's defense by way of a brisk walk / run

b. Dribble Low

     This technique is done to keep the ball from seizure main opponent .

In doing dribbling technique you have to bouncing the ball after step 3 times, because if it exceeds it will be considered a violation and can add score to your opponent.

     2. Passing

Passing is a motion to throw the ball to his teammates by using one or two hands . This technique is done to prevent the opponent to steal the ball. There are 6 types of passing can be done to develop a strategy and be able to get points :

- Overhead Pass

- Chest Pass

- Baseball Pass

- Bounce Pass

- Hook Pass

- Under Pass

     3. Pivot technique

          A rotary movement in any direction by leaning on one leg at the time the player had the ball , while the legs are moved can skip forward or back .Pivot movement function is to protect the ball from opposing players fight .

     4. Shooting

Can be done by one hand or two hands. Shooting also to do with jump ( lay up ) or without jumping. Steps in conducting shooting :

- standing in front of the right leg and left leg behind .

- With both knees low, the ball is held by the right hand over the head with the fingers open , while the left hand help hold .

- Then the ball is fired in a state arms straight

      5. Rebound technique

          Rebound is a technique defeating opponents who wanted to put the ball into the hoop. The basketball players must master these techniques so that your opponent difficult to get the score

Sistem Pernapasan

Sistem pernapasan atau sistem respirasi adalah sistem organ yang digunakan untuk pertukaran gas. Pernapasan manusia bertujuan untuk memperoleh oksigen dari udara dan mengeluarkan gas sisa pembakaran dari dalam tubuh. Kecepatan pernapasan (frekuensi pernapasan) dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin, umur, suhu tubuh, posisi tubuh, dan kegiatan. Dalam fisiologi, pernapasan melalui 2 proses yaitu :

1. Pernapasan Eksternal adalah rangkaian proses pertukaran oksigen dan karbondioksida antara tubuh dengan lingkunan Eksternal.

2. Pernapasan internal adalah proses metabolisme penggunaan oksigen Serra pembentukan karbondioksida dan air yang terjadi pada mitochondria dan sitoplasma di dalam sell.

Alat pernapasan terdiri atas :

1. Hidung

Pada rongga hidung terdapat kelenjar mukus dan rambutan hidung yang berfungsi until mentoring udara yang masuk. Di bagian rongga hidung yang lebih Dalam sampai ke bronkus dilapisi boleh epitel version yang memiliki sell goblet. Fungsi hidung :

- Menyaring partikel

- Sebagai indera penciuman

- Mematikan human

- Melembapkan dan menghangatkan udara yang masuk

2. Faring

Persimpangan antara tenggorokan dan kerongkongan yang berfungsi untuk meneruskan udara yang masuk menuju pangkal tenggorokan.

3. Laring (Pangkal tenggorokan)

Saluran udara yang terletak dari bagian depan faring hingga bagian bawah trakea. Pada laring terdapat tonjolan jakun, pita suara, dan epiglotis. Jika udara kencang dilewatkan melalui pita suara, lipatan pita suara akan bergerak dan menghasilkan suara.

4. Trakea

Trakea juga dikenal sebagai tenggorokan adalah tabung tulang yang menghubungkan hidung dan mulut ke paru-paru. Memiliki panjang 9-11 cm dan dibentuk oleh 16-20 Cincin pulang rawan. Tenggorokan memiliki sebuah selaput otot yang dinamakan epiglotis yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan esofagus dari trakea dan mencegah makanan dan minuman untuk masuk ke saluran pernapasan.

5. Bronkus

Cabang Tenggorokan atau Bronkus merupakan percabangan trakea yang menuju paru-paru kanan dan kiri. Struktur bronkus sama dengan trakea, hanya dindingnya lebih tipis. Bronkus kanan lebih pendek dan lebih besar daripada bronkus kiri. Bronkus kanan bercabang menjadi tiga bronkiolus sedangkan bronkus kiri bercabang menjadi dua bronkiolus. Pada ujung bronkiolus terdapat alveolus.

6. Paru-paru ( Pulmo)

Organ pernapasan utama yang berpori-pori seperti spons dan berisi udara. Terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu paru-paru kanan (terdiri atas 3 lobus) dan paru-paru kiri ( terdiri atas 2 lobus). Struktur paru-paru tersusun dari 300 juta alveolus. Alveolus adalah gelembung- gelembung udara yang sangat kecil dan banyak, berfungsi sebagai alat pertukaran udara oksigen dan karbondioksida.

Mekanisme pernapasan

Mekanisme pernapasan yang dilakukan oleh otot intercostal disebut pernapasan dada. Sedangkan mekanisme pernapasan yang dilakukan oleh otot diafragma disebut pernapasan perut. Dalam satu siklus pernapasan terjadi 1 Kali proses menghirup udara (inspirasi) dan 1 Kali proses menghembuskan udara (ekspirasi ).

- Fase inspirasi pernapasan Dada

- Fase ekspirasi pernapasan Dada

Fase ini merupakan fase relaksasi atau kembali ditariknya otot antara tulang rusuk ke kebelakang yang dikuti oleh turunnya tulang rusuk sehingga rongga dada menjadi kecil. Sebagai akibatnya, tekanan di dalam rongga dada menjadi lebih besar daripada tekanan luar, sehingga udara dalam rongga dada yang kaya karbon dioksida keluar.

- Fase inspirasi pernapasan perut

- Fase ekspirasi pernapasan perut

Volume udara pernapasan

Pada orang dewasa, volume paru-paru berkisar antara 5-6 liter, yang terdiri dari:

- Volume tidal (VT) yaitu volume udara hasil inspirasi atau ekspirasi pada setiap kali bernapas normal. Kira-kira sebanyak ± 500 ml pada rata-rata orang dewasa muda.

- Volume cadangan inspirasi (VCI) atau volume komplementer  yaitu volume udara ekstra yang dapat diinspirasi setelah volume tidal, biasanya mencapai ± 3000 ml.

- Volume cadangan ekspirasi (VCE) atau volume suplementer yaitu jumlah udara yang masih dapat  dikeluarkan dengan ekspirasi kuat pada akhir ekspirasi normal, pada keadaan normal sebanyak kira-kira ± 1200 ml.

- Volume residu (VR) yaitu volume udara yang masih tetap berada dalam paru-paru setelah ekspirasi kuat, kira-kira sebanyak ± 1200 ml.

- Kapasitas vital sama dengan volume cadangan inspirasi ditambah dengan volume tidal dan volume cadangan ekspirasi. Kapasitas vital ini adalah jumlah udara maksimum yang dapat dikeluarkan dari paru-paru seseorang setelah terlebih dahulu mengisi paru-paru secara maksimum dan kemudian mengeluarkan sebanyak-banyaknya (± 4600 ml).

- Kapasitas paru-paru total adalah volume maksimum di mana paru-paru dapat dikembangkan sebesar mungkin dengan inspirasi paksa (± 5800 ml) atau sama dengan kapasitas vital ditambah dengan volume residu.

Kelainan dan gangguan sistem pernapasan

- Berkurangnya jumlah Hb

- Keracunan gas CN (sianida) atau CO (karbon monoksida)

- Emfisema, merupakan penyakit pada paru-paru. Paruparu mengalami pembengkakan karena pembuluh darahnya kemasukan udara.

- Tuberkulosis (TBC), merupakan penyakit paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bakteri tersebut menimbulkan bintil-bintil pada dinding alveolus.

- Pneumonia atau juga di sebut dengan radang paru-paru, dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri streptococcus dan mycopalsma pneumoniae.

- Asma, merupakan kelainan penyumbatan saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh alergi

- Kanker paru-paru. Salah satu pemicu kanker paru-paru adalah kebiasaan merokok.

- Bronkhitis, merupakan gangguan pada cabang batang tenggorokan akibat infeksi.

- Influenza (flu), merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza. Penyakit ini timbul dengan  gejala bersin-bersin, demam, dan pilek.

- Dipteri adalah infeksi pada saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Pada umumnya, disebabkan oleh Corynebacterium diphterial.

Biography Of Rio Haryanto

Rio Haryanto is a talented young driver of Indonesian nationality. Rio Haryanto was born in Solo on January 22, 1993 from the couple Indah Pennywati and Sinyo Haryanto.  Rio likes to do the challenge with his father , the youngest of four brothers began driving gokart at the age of 6 years . He follows of the footsteps of his older siblings, Roy Haryanto and Ryan Haryanto. He began his racing career in gokart arena nationally and internationally since the age of 6 years, didn't take to long for rio to show his talent, he became a national champion gokart cadet class in 1999. Then, Indonesian Motor Association bestowed the award for Best Athlete Kart Junior in 2005 and 2006. In June 2008 he won the first event Asian Karting Open Championship Series circuit 1 in Guia , Macau , China. After 7 years of work in the Kart racing, this year also marks the beginning of his career in racing cars Rio, at age 15 he followed the race on the Formula Asia 2.0 , where he later became the overall champion class Asia. although changing the type of vehicle , he still proved that he was still outstanding as evidenced by he managed to become the overall champion Formula BMW with a total of 6 series, 15 round, Rio earned 14 podiums in 2009.

His dream is to be able to compete in F1, so he left the Asian to follow the event GP3 Series Europe 2010 along with his sponsor. Rio won the first podium in Turkey, 1st Runner Up at Silverstone , 2nd Runner Up in Monza Italy and achievement as the Best Driver Manor Racing. The first victory in the GP3 series race two he got when he races in Europe. Therefore, Indonesia raya's song can be heard in Europe.

In July 2011 he returned with a record of achievement in a row won the event Europe GP3 Series, the Series 5 and Series 6, each in the German Nürburgring circuit, Hungaroring in Budapest and 1st and 2nd Runner Up in Monza Italy , and was awarded as The Best Win of Season 2011 GP3 series. In June 2013 he managed to climb the podium and holding the trophy as champions second in five GP2 Series sprint race at Silverstone , England. GP2 Series is a car racing event that is often considered many drivers as a first step towards F1 car racing event.

Now, Rio is living in Singapore. He study at FTMS GLOBAL SINGAPORE which has links with Anglia Ruskin University UK, studying Business Management. Although, not competing, Rio remained disciplined to maintain his stamina and physical condition by exercising in the mornings and evenings after returning from college. He was also disciplined in keeping her diet with foods high in protein.

When returning home, he often took time to visit orphanages in Solo to share stories and experiences. He is always motivating and told to stay focused and never give up in order to reach success, he hopes to be able to transmit the spirit and determination to the young generation.

Finally his dream comes true. On 18 February 2016, Rio was confirmed as a driver of Manor Racing for the 2016 F1 season. He made his debut at the 2016 Australian Grand Prix on Friday, 18 March 2016. Rio must stop due to a drive link problem on the 18th lap. Although he didn't reach the finish line, Indonesia still proud of him. Because he is the first Indonesian who follow F1.

Dance

   Dance is to move the feet or body, or both, rhythmically in a pattern of steps especially to the accompaniment of music. With dancing we can express feeling, intentions, and thoughts. It is sometimes used to express ideas or tell a story. Dancing isn't just any movement, but it also must have aestethic value. A person who is dancing called a dancer. Dance has a special  function such as : To entertain the people, for religion, for social, for ceremonial

The elements of dance :

1. Body

2. Action

3. Space

4. Time

5. Energy

   Based on the choreography, dance can be divided into :

1. Individual dance is dance performed by dancer, either male or female

2. Dance in pairs is dance performed by two dancer in pairs

3. Dance in group is dance performed by more than two dancer

4. Collosal dance is dance performed by many groups usually done from various tribes

   In every country they have their own special dance or characteristic dance. There are several type of dance from all over the world such as :

- Latin dance, example : salsa, flamenco, Argentine tango, lambada

- Ballroom dance, example : waltz, cha-cha-cha, samba, rumba

- African-American and Traditiobal Jazz Dance, example : moonwalk, swing, tap dance

- Hip-hop & Funk dance, example : breakdance, popping, bounce

- professional performance dance, example : ballet

   Indonesia also has vary dances which comes from different cities. Dance in Indonesia divided into several types :

- Traditional dance is a dance that originated from an area and passed down from generation to generation to become the culture of the area. Traditional dance have philosophical value such as religious, heroism, etc. Traditional dance were divided into :

1. Folk dance is dance that developed in the community. The folk dance has no standard rules so that the dance form is very varied. Usually, folk dance created because of happiness. Example :Lengger, Tayub, Orek-Orek, Piring dance, Kubrasiwa, Buncis, Ndulalak, Sintren, Angguk, dan Rodat dance.

Lengger

Piring dance

2. Classical dance is classical dance born in the palace or in the nobility. The community was forbidden to dance the classical dance. Classical dance has standard rules so it didn't change until now. Example : bedaya, srimpi, lawung ageng, lawung alit, Gathotkaca Gandrung, Bondabaya, Bandayuda, Palguna-palgunadi, Retna Tinanding, dan Srikandi Bisma dance.

- The new creation dance is the development of an existing dance traditions. But they don't eliminate the aesthetic value and the origin elements tradition.  So, the audience doesn't get bored with the same dance. Example : Kupu-Kupu dance,  Merak dance,  Roro Ngigel dance.

Merak dance

- Contemporary dance is innovations from a variety of dances that get a touch of modernization. Usually the nuances of contemporary dance style is unique and wear the type of music from the computer. Contemporary dance also called modern dance so that there is no longer an element of tradition. Example : Yapong dance, Cak Rina dance.

Yapong dance

Recipe of Chicken Sandwich Melts

Chicken sandwich melts is a very alternative breakfast menu. Beside for breakfast, it can also be taken for practical stock. Because it's so easy to make and the ingredients are  not difficult to find.

     Chicken sandwich melts also has a nutritional value that is high enough for our body. Such as contain carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral and fiber.So, this food is very suitable for students.

Recipe Chicken Sandwich Melts

Ingredients :

1. A loaf of Bread, sliced

2. 250 gr chicken fillet

3. 5 tablespoon of mayonnaise

4. 100 gr mozzarella cheese or quick melt cheese, shredded

5. 100 gr cheddar cheese, shredded

6. A tomato, diced

7. 6  stem of cilantro leaves

8. A teaspoon of salt

9. A tablespoon of paprica powder

10. 1/2 teaspoon of pepper powder

11. A teaspoon of garlic powder

How to make :

1. Boil the chicken fillet for +- 15 minutes and then let the chicken cool down

2. Put the chicken fillet into a bowl and cut it into small piece

3. And then add mayonnaise, shredded mozzarella cheese, and shredded cheddar cheese. Stir it well

4. Add salt, pepper powder, paprica powder, garlic powder

5. Put the diced tomato and sliced ketumbar leaf, and the stir it well

6. After that, put 2 tablespoon of topping dough on top of the sliced  bread and then spread it

7. Do step 6 until the topping dough is already empty

8. Put the bread inside the oven on 200 degree Celsius for 8 minutes

9. After that, take it out and put it on the plates

10. The chicken Sandwich Melts  is ready to serve. If you want spicy, you can add some hot sauce on the top of the bread.